What Is Pannus: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

Do you wish to know what is Pannus or are you looking for the causes, symptoms, prevention and how to treat pannus? then this is for you.

Pannus is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of granulation tissue over a particular area, often affecting the eyes. 

It can occur as a result of various underlying factors and can lead to significant visual impairment if left untreated. 

In this article, we will explore the different aspects of Pannus, including its causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, prevention, and management strategies.

What is Pannus?

Pannus is a type of granulation tissue. Granulation tissue is a type of tissue that forms in response to injury or inflammation. 

It is made up of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and other cells. 

Pannus is different from granulation tissue in that it is more vascularized and has a higher content of inflammatory cells.

Types of Pannus

Pannus can manifest in different forms based on the underlying cause and the affected area. Let’s explore the most common types of Pannus:

• Rheumatoid arthritis-associated Pannus

One of the most prevalent forms of Pannus is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 

RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, primarily affecting the joints. 

In some cases, the inflammation can extend to the eyes, leading to the development of Pannus. 

It often affects the sclera and conjunctiva, causing redness, swelling, and visual disturbances.

• Ocular Pannus

Ocular pannus refers to the growth of abnormal tissue on the surface of the eye, typically involving the cornea or conjunctiva. 

It can be caused by various factors, including eye infections, trauma, or autoimmune diseases. 

Ocular pannus can lead to visual impairment and discomfort.

• Corneal Pannus

Corneal pannus specifically refers to the abnormal growth of tissue on the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye. 

It can occur due to various reasons, such as chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, inflammation, or eye conditions like pterygium. 

Corneal pannus may cause blurred vision and require prompt treatment to prevent further complications.

Where Does Pannus Form?

Pannus can form in a number of different places, but it is most commonly seen in the joints. It can also form on the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. 

In rare cases, it can form on other organs, such as the heart valves.

Pannus refers to the excessive growth of abnormal granulation tissue in a particular area, commonly affecting the eyes. 

It is often associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ocular diseases, or corneal disorders. 

The development of Pannus can lead to inflammation, scarring, and visual disturbances if not addressed promptly.

Causes of Pannus

Pannus can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Rheumatoid arthritis

Pannus is commonly seen in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. 

The abnormal immune response in rheumatoid arthritis triggers inflammation, which can extend to the eyes and lead to the development of Pannus.

2. Ocular diseases

Certain eye conditions such as keratitis, blepharitis, or conjunctivitis can contribute to the development of Pannus. 

These diseases often involve inflammation of the ocular tissues, promoting the growth of abnormal tissue over the affected area.

3. Corneal disorders

Pannus can also occur due to corneal disorders like pterygium, where a triangular growth develops on the conjunctiva and extends onto the cornea. 

This can cause irritation, redness, and visual disturbances.

Symptoms and Signs of Pannus

The symptoms of Pannus can vary depending on the underlying cause and the location of the abnormal tissue growth. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Redness and inflammation of the affected area
• Blurred or hazy vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Foreign body sensation of grittiness in the eyes
• Itching or burning sensation
• Excessive tearing or dryness of the eyes

Diagnostic Procedures for Pannus

To diagnose Pannus, an ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye examination and may perform additional tests, such as:

1. Slit-lamp examination: This procedure allows the ophthalmologist to examine the eyes under magnification, enabling a detailed evaluation of the affected tissues and any abnormal growth.
2. Corneal topography: This test helps in mapping the shape and curvature of the cornea, aiding in the diagnosis and evaluation of Pannus.
3. Fluorescein angiography: In this procedure, a dye is injected into a vein, and photographs are taken as the dye passes through the blood vessels in the eyes. This test can help determine the extent of blood vessel growth and the severity of Pannus.

Treatment Options for Pannus

The treatment of Pannus depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and the affected area. 

It typically involves a combination of medical interventions, surgical procedures, and lifestyle modifications. 

Here are some common treatment options:

Medications

1. Anti-inflammatory drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms associated with Pannus.
2. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): In cases where Pannus is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs may be recommended to suppress the autoimmune response and control inflammation.
3. Topical medications: Eye drops or ointments containing corticosteroids, antibiotics, or immunosuppressive agents may be prescribed to manage ocular Pannus.

Surgical interventions

1. Excision or debridement: In certain cases, surgical removal of the abnormal tissue may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and restore visual function.
2. Corneal transplantation: If Pannus has severely affected the cornea, a corneal transplant may be performed to replace the damaged tissue with a healthy donor cornea.

Lifestyle Modifications

1. Eye protection: Individuals with Pannus should protect their eyes from excessive sunlight and other potential irritants by wearing sunglasses or protective goggles.
2. Proper hygiene: Regular eye hygiene practices, such as gently cleaning the eyelids and avoiding eye rubbing, can help prevent further irritation and complications.
3. Managing underlying conditions: For Pannus associated with systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, effective management of the underlying condition is essential to control inflammation and minimize the progression of Pannus.

Prevention and Management of Pannus

While it may not be possible to prevent all cases of Pannus, certain measures can help reduce the risk or manage the condition effectively:

• Regular eye examinations

Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and treatment of Pannus. 

Routine visits to an ophthalmologist can help identify any signs or symptoms of Pannus and ensure timely intervention.

• Proper hygiene and eye care

Maintaining good eye hygiene, such as washing hands before touching the eyes, avoiding rubbing or scratching, and keeping contact lenses clean, can minimize the risk of eye infections and subsequent development of Pannus.

• Managing underlying conditions

For individuals with systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, diligent management of the underlying disease through medication, lifestyle adjustments, and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers can help reduce the risk and severity of Pannus.

Living with Pannus

Coping with Pannus can be challenging, but there are strategies that can improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition:

1. Coping Strategies

• Seeking support: Connecting with support groups or counseling services can provide emotional support and valuable insights into managing the challenges associated with Pannus.
• Adaptive techniques: Individuals with visual impairments caused by Pannus can learn adaptive techniques and use assistive devices to enhance their independence and daily functioning.

2. Supportive Resources

There are various resources available to support individuals with Pannus, including:

• Low-vision aids: Devices such as magnifiers, screen readers, and voice-activated assistants can help individuals with visual impairments caused by Pannus to perform daily tasks more easily.
• Rehabilitation services: Rehabilitation programs, such as vision therapy or occupational therapy, can assist individuals in developing skills and strategies to overcome visual limitations.

Frequently Asked Questions About Pannus

1. Can Pannus cause permanent vision loss? 

While Pannus can lead to visual disturbances, permanent vision loss is not always inevitable. 

With early detection, proper treatment, and adherence to management strategies, many individuals can preserve their vision and prevent further deterioration.

2. Is Pannus a curable condition? 

Pannus itself may not be curable, but its symptoms can be managed effectively through various treatment options. 

Timely intervention and ongoing management can help individuals maintain a good quality of life despite the presence of Pannus.

3. Are there any natural remedies for Pannus?

While natural remedies may provide temporary relief from symptoms, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive treatment plan. 

Natural remedies alone may not be sufficient to manage Pannus effectively.

4. Can Pannus affect both eyes? 

Yes, Pannus can affect one or both eyes, depending on the underlying cause and progression of the condition. 

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms in either eye.

5. What are the long-term complications of untreated Pannus? 

Untreated Pannus can lead to scarring, corneal damage, and permanent vision impairment. 

Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications associated with Pannus.

Conclusion

Pannus is a medical condition characterized by abnormal tissue growth, primarily affecting the eyes. 

Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely treatment are crucial in managing Pannus effectively and preventing complications. 

By understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures associated with Pannus, individuals can take proactive steps to preserve their vision and lead a fulfilling life.

This is all you need to know about What is Pannus, take advantage of this today and it will help you live a good life while avoiding Pannus.

Enjoy!